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arXiv · 2507.14729

Ultralow-V{\pi}L Silicon Electro-Optic Directional Coupler Switch with a Liquid Crystal Cladding

Li-Yuan Chiang·Chun-Ta Wang·Steve Pappert·Paul K. L. Yu
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Abstract

An ultralow-V{\pi}L photonic switch device is demonstrated utilizing the high optical and electrical field confinement in silicon slot waveguides coupled with the strong electro-optic response of nematic liquid crystals. A silicon photonic directional coupler switch with a modulation efficiency of 0.0195 Vmm and a loss-efficiency product of 0.0624 VdB is achieved. The 1.5 mm long device is based on two-mode interference within a single slot waveguide resulting in a V{\pi} of 0.013 V and an extinction ratio of ~ 9dB at 1550 nm wavelength. The power consumption of the photonic switch is estimated to be below 0.6 nW and it possesses a response time of <1.5 ms. A comparative performance study between the directional coupler switch and a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) switch is performed. The directional coupler switch is projected to have a smaller footprint and lower optical loss compared to a similar design MZI switch making it a strong candidate for switch matrix designs and applications.

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Li-Yuan Chiang, Chun-Ta Wang, Steve Pappert, Paul K. L. Yu. 2025-07-19. Ultralow-V{\pi}L Silicon Electro-Optic Directional Coupler Switch with a Liquid Crystal Cladding. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14729

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