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arXiv · 2507.20073

The tension of space as dark energy: dynamics and phenomenology

Muhammad Ghulam Khuwajah Khan
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Abstract

We develop a phenomenological model in which the observed late-time dark-energy sector is interpreted as an effective residual tension of space. Motivated by recent observational hints that the dark-energy equation of state may exhibit mild low-redshift evolution, we begin with an intrinsic membrane description of spacetime and show that a uniform space tension contributes to the gravitational field equations with precisely the tensor structure of vacuum energy. We then consider a Dirac--Born--Infeld completion, which naturally introduces a hidden Abelian gauge sector. A late-time hidden transition, \(U(1)_h \, \to \, \mathbb{Z}_n\), can reorganize hidden magnetic energy into a coarse-grained flux-tube reservoir. If this reservoir exchanges energy with the dynamical part of the space-tension sector, the effective dark-energy density becomes time dependent and acquires a nontrivial equation of state. At the background level, the model gives a simple proof-of-concept realization of running dark energy and admits a transient crossing of the phantom divide. A restricted numerical scan shows that the best representative solution corresponds to a string-like hidden flux reservoir, with an effective low-redshift evolution that projects approximately to $(w_0^{\rm mod},w_a^{\rm mod})\simeq(-0.915,-0.457)$ in the Chevallier--Polarski--Linder plane. This does not exactly reproduce the compressed observational benchmark, but it generates a phenomenologically relevant departure from \(\Lambda\)CDM and illustrates how a late hidden-sector defect population can induce mild running of the residual vacuum-like tension of space. The construction is therefore best viewed as a physically transparent proof of concept rather than a complete theory of dark energy.

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Muhammad Ghulam Khuwajah Khan. 2025-07-26. The tension of space as dark energy: dynamics and phenomenology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-026-04179-1

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