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arXiv · 2507.20952

Analytical Modeling of Batteryless IoT Sensors Powered by Ambient Energy Harvesting

Jimmy Fernandez Landivar·Andrea Zanella·Ihsane Gryech·Sofie Pollin·Hazem Sallouha
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Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model to characterize the energy dynamics of batteryless IoT sensor nodes powered entirely by ambient energy harvesting. The model captures both the energy harvesting and consumption phases, explicitly incorporating power management tasks to enable precise estimation of device behavior across diverse environmental conditions. The proposed model is applicable to a wide range of IoT devices and supports intelligent power management units designed to maximize harvested energy under fluctuating environmental conditions. We validated our model against a prototype batteryless IoT node, conducting experiments under three distinct illumination scenarios. Results show a strong correlation between analytical and measured supercapacitor voltage profiles, confirming the proposed model's accuracy.

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Jimmy Fernandez Landivar, Andrea Zanella, Ihsane Gryech, Sofie Pollin, Hazem Sallouha. 2025-07-28. Analytical Modeling of Batteryless IoT Sensors Powered by Ambient Energy Harvesting. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20952

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