Condensate-mediated dimerization of impurities in atomic BECs

Hoshu Hiyane; Thomás Fogarty; Jose Carlos Pelayo; Thomas Busch

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arXiv · 2507.21972

Condensate-mediated dimerization of impurities in atomic BECs

Hoshu Hiyane·Thomás Fogarty·Jose Carlos Pelayo·Thomas Busch

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Abstract

We show that strongly correlated impurities confined in an optical lattice can form localized, molecule-like dimer states in the presence of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). By systematically studying the effect of the lattice potential on this mixture, we reveal the two roles of the condensate in assisting the formation of dimerized impurities: mediating the attractive interaction among impurities and rescaling the lattice potential of impurities. At strong coupling between the impurities and the condensate, the two mechanisms cooperate to induce a structural transition, resulting in the rearrangement of dimers. We also show that the nonequilibrium dynamics of these states can be interpreted as a dimerized soliton train.

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Hoshu Hiyane, Thomás Fogarty, Jose Carlos Pelayo, Thomas Busch. 2025-07-29. Condensate-mediated dimerization of impurities in atomic BECs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21972

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