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arXiv · 2508.00273

Spatially inhomogeneous field induced harmonic radiation in solids

Xiaoxue Zhang·Shiyu Liu·Chengpu Liu
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Abstract

By theoretical derivation, we constructed an inhomogeneous coefficient equation to correctly describing harmonic radiation in solids induced by a spatially inhomogeneous field, where the widely used semiconductor Bloch equation fails. This equation has superiority over the semiconductor Bloch equation with good applicability to both homogeneous and inhomogeneous fields. Using graphene as an example, it is found that under inhomogeneous field driving, even-order harmonics occur with an enhancing tendency as the field inhomogeneity increases. As for the second-order harmonic, its intensity dependence is consistent with the prediction from the perturbation theory, and its wavelength dependence can use to directly distinguish the relative contribution of intraband and interband transitions. The inhomogeneous coefficient equation provides a direct theoretical analysis tool for elucidating the physical mechanism of inhomogeneous field induced harmonic radiation in solids.

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Xiaoxue Zhang, Shiyu Liu, Chengpu Liu. 2025-08-01. Spatially inhomogeneous field induced harmonic radiation in solids. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00273

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