Harmonic balance-automatic differentiation method: an out-of-the-box and efficient solver for general nonlinear dynamics simulation

Yi Chen; Yuhong Jin; Rongzhou Lin; Yifan Jiang; Xutao Mei; Lei Houb; Yilong Wang; Ng Teng Yong; Anxin Guo

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arXiv · 2508.07309

Harmonic balance-automatic differentiation method: an out-of-the-box and efficient solver for general nonlinear dynamics simulation

Yi Chen·Yuhong Jin·Rongzhou Lin·Yifan Jiang·Xutao Mei·Lei Houb·Yilong Wang·Ng Teng Yong·Anxin Guo

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Abstract

The Harmonic Balance-Alternating Frequency-Time domain (HB-AFT) method is extensively employed for dynamic response analysis of nonlinear systems. However, its application to high-dimensional complex systems is constrained by the manual derivation of Jacobian matrices during Newton-Raphson iterations, which become computationally intractable or error-prone for intricate nonlinearities. The Harmonic Balance-Automatic Differentiation (HB-AD) method is proposed to address this limitation, in which AD is integrated with the harmonic balance framework. This approach eliminates all manual derivations by leveraging AD to compute exact Jacobians numerically, enabling generic and efficient analysis of high-dimensional complex nonlinear systems. The implementation utilizes advanced deep learning frameworks for native parallel computing and CUDA acceleration, and combines AD with arc-length continuation, establishing an out-of-the-box and high efficiency computational architecture. Users need only supply the system's dynamic equations, HB-AD then autonomously trace the complete panorama of periodic responses -- including stable/unstable solution branches. Computational experiments on a rotor system with squeeze-film damper (SFD) demonstrate HB-AD's capability in handling complex nonlinear expressions with automated Jacobian calculations. For a high-dimensional aero-engine rotor-bearing-casing system with complex bearing nonlinearities, HB-AD achieves 17-fold higher efficiency than traditional HB-AFT and 144-fold acceleration over the Newmark method. The HB-AD method is a synergistic merger of computational mechanics and machine learning primitives, delivers an easy to use, general-purpose, high efficiency platform for high-fidelity dynamic characterization of high-dimensional engineering systems.

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Yi Chen, Yuhong Jin, Rongzhou Lin, Yifan Jiang, Xutao Mei, Lei Houb, Yilong Wang, Ng Teng Yong, Anxin Guo. 2025-08-10. Harmonic balance-automatic differentiation method: an out-of-the-box and efficient solver for general nonlinear dynamics simulation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07309

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