Are Large Pre-trained Vision Language Models Effective Construction Safety Inspectors?

Xuezheng Chen; Zhengbo Zou

doi:10.1017/dce.2026.10044

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arXiv · 2508.11011

Are Large Pre-trained Vision Language Models Effective Construction Safety Inspectors?

Xuezheng Chen·Zhengbo Zou

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Abstract

Construction safety inspections typically involve a human inspector identifying safety concerns on-site. With the rise of powerful Vision Language Models (VLMs), researchers are exploring their use for tasks such as detecting safety rule violations from on-site images. However, there is a lack of open datasets to comprehensively evaluate and further fine-tune VLMs in construction safety inspection. Current applications of VLMs use small, supervised datasets, limiting their applicability in tasks they are not directly trained for. In this paper, we propose the ConstructionSite 10k, featuring 10,000 construction site images with annotations for three inter-connected tasks, including image captioning, safety rule violation visual question answering (VQA), and construction element visual grounding. Our subsequent evaluation of current state-of-the-art large pre-trained VLMs shows notable generalization abilities in zero-shot and few-shot settings, while additional training is needed to make them applicable to actual construction sites. This dataset allows researchers to train and evaluate their own VLMs with new architectures and techniques, providing a valuable benchmark for construction safety inspection.

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Xuezheng Chen, Zhengbo Zou. 2025-08-14. Are Large Pre-trained Vision Language Models Effective Construction Safety Inspectors?. https://doi.org/10.1017/dce.2026.10044

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