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arXiv · 2508.12798

A Shift in Perspective on Causality in Domain Generalization

Damian Machlanski·Stephanie Riley·Edward Moroshko·Kurt Butler·Panagiotis Dimitrakopoulos·Thomas Melistas·Akchunya Chanchal·Steven McDonagh·Ricardo Silva·Sotirios A. Tsaftaris
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Abstract

The promise that causal modelling can lead to robust AI generalization has been challenged in recent work on domain generalization (DG) benchmarks. We revisit the claims of the causality and DG literature, reconciling apparent contradictions and advocating for a more nuanced theory of the role of causality in generalization. We also provide an interactive demo at https://chai-uk.github.io/ukairs25-causal-predictors/.

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Damian Machlanski, Stephanie Riley, Edward Moroshko, Kurt Butler, Panagiotis Dimitrakopoulos, Thomas Melistas, Akchunya Chanchal, Steven McDonagh, Ricardo Silva, Sotirios A. Tsaftaris. 2025-08-18. A Shift in Perspective on Causality in Domain Generalization. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12798

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