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arXiv · 2508.15668

Resonant Structure of Second Harmonic Generation in Multilayer Graphene Polytypes

Patrick Johansen Sarsfield·Takaaki V. Joya·Takuto Kawakami·Mikito Koshino·Vladimir Fal'ko
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Abstract

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a powerful optical tool for identifying non-centrosymmetric crystalline structures. Here, we analyze SHG in multilayer graphenes (MLG), with a focus on its dependence on the stacking order, encapsulation environment and biasing which break inversion symmetry in multilayers, as well as the SHG sensitivity to the electron-hole asymmetry in the MLG spectra and doping. In particular, we identify stacking-order-dependent resonant features in the SHG spectra for trilayers and tetralayers, suggesting that infra-red range SHG offers a non-invasive characterization method for distinguishing between MLG polytypes, as well as optical identification of crystallographic direction in MLG films.

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Patrick Johansen Sarsfield, Takaaki V. Joya, Takuto Kawakami, Mikito Koshino, Vladimir Fal'ko. 2025-08-21. Resonant Structure of Second Harmonic Generation in Multilayer Graphene Polytypes. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15668

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