Spatial Super-Infection and Co-Infection Dynamics in Networks

Alyssa Yu; Laura P. Schaposnik

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arXiv · 2508.15740

Spatial Super-Infection and Co-Infection Dynamics in Networks

Alyssa Yu·Laura P. Schaposnik

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Abstract

Understanding interactions between the spread of multiple pathogens during an epidemic is crucial to assessing the severity of infections in human communities. In this paper, we introduce two new Multiplex Bi-Virus Reaction-Diffusion models (MBRD) on multiplex metapopulation networks: the super-infection model (MBRD-SI) and the co-infection model (MBRD-CI). These frameworks capture two-pathogen dynamics with spatial diffusion and cross-diffusion, allowing the prediction of infection clustering and large-scale spatial distributions. We establish conditions for Turing and Turing-Hopf instabilities in both models and provide experimental evidence of epidemic pattern formation. Beyond epidemiology, we discuss applications of the MBRD framework to information propagation, malware diffusion, and urban transportation networks.

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Alyssa Yu, Laura P. Schaposnik. 2025-08-21. Spatial Super-Infection and Co-Infection Dynamics in Networks. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15740

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