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arXiv · 2508.16239

EM3M: An Electron Micrograph Dataset for Microstructural Segmentation and Generation

Nan Wang·Zhiyi Xia·Yiming Li·Siyuan Zhang·Shi Tang·Zuxin Fan·Xi Fang·Haoyi Tao·Guolin Ke·Yanhui Hong
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Abstract

Quantitative microstructural characterization is fundamental to materials science, and electron micrographs (EMs) provide indispensable high-resolution insights. However, progress in deep learning-based analysis of EMs has been hampered by the scarcity of large-scale, expert-annotated public datasets. To address this issue, we introduce EM3M, a large-scale and multimodal dataset for instance-level understanding of EMs. EM3M comprises 5,091 high-quality EMs, approximately 3 million instance segmentation annotations, and image-level textual descriptions with disentangled attributes. The dataset is constructed through a rigorous multi-stage curation and validation pipeline, with comprehensive statistical analyses to ensure reliability and reproducibility. Building upon these curated image-text pairs, we further provide a text-to-image diffusion model that serves as a controllable data augmentation engine, demonstrating that synthetic augmentation consistently improves downstream segmentation performance. To establish a systematic benchmark, we evaluate representative instance segmentation methods on EM3M. Our results reveal that conventional detection-based and query-based methods struggle with the extreme instance densities and textural complexities inherent in EMs. We additionally provide an optimized flow-based baseline to facilitate fair comparison and future research. EM3M {Dataset: https://huggingface.co/datasets/UniParser/EM3M}, the generative engine {Generation: https://huggingface.co/UniParser/EM3M-Gen}, and an online demo {Segmentation demo: https://www.bohrium.com/apps/uni-aims} are publicly available to support future research in automated materials analysis.

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Nan Wang, Zhiyi Xia, Yiming Li, Siyuan Zhang, Shi Tang, Zuxin Fan, Xi Fang, Haoyi Tao, Guolin Ke, Yanhui Hong. 2025-08-22. EM3M: An Electron Micrograph Dataset for Microstructural Segmentation and Generation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16239

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