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arXiv · 2508.18505

Comparing Calculations of Seasonal Variations of Atmospheric Muons in Deep Underground Detectors

Amanda Alves·Lilly Pyras·Dennis Soldin·Stef Verpoest
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Abstract

Cosmic rays interact with nuclei in the Earth's atmosphere to produce extensive air showers, which give rise to the atmospheric muon flux. Temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere influence the rate of muons measured in deep underground experiments. This contribution presents predictions of the daily muon flux at a depth of 2000 m.w.e., calculated using MUTE, a software tool which combines MCEq, a numerical solver of the matrix cascade equations in the atmosphere, with PROPOSAL, a propagation code for leptons in matter. The flux estimates are obtained assuming different cosmic-ray flux and hadronic interaction models. The results are compared to previous approaches, based on different methods, to calculate seasonal variations of atmospheric muons in deep underground detectors.

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Amanda Alves, Lilly Pyras, Dennis Soldin, Stef Verpoest. 2025-08-25. Comparing Calculations of Seasonal Variations of Atmospheric Muons in Deep Underground Detectors. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18505

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