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arXiv · 2508.20185

Any gate of a quantum computer can be certified device-independently

Shubhayan Sarkar
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Abstract

Device-independent (DI) certification allows the verification of quantum systems based solely on observed statistics, without assumptions about their internal structure. While self-testing, the strongest DI certification, of a wide range of quantum states and measurements is done, the self-testing of quantum operations remains underdeveloped. Here, we show in a proof-of-principle way that any quantum unitary can be self-tested within the DI paradigm. For our purpose, we utilise the framework of quantum networks with multiple independent sources. Our work provides a fundamental step toward certifying quantum interactions directly from data, without detailed modelling assumptions. Moreover, the result also serves as a crucial ingredient for quantum computation, where verifying that quantum gates perform as intended is essential for building secure and reliable quantum processors.

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Shubhayan Sarkar. 2025-08-27. Any gate of a quantum computer can be certified device-independently. https://doi.org/10.1103/m1tx-9mx1

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