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arXiv · 2509.02982

StableSleep: Source-Free Test-Time Adaptation for Sleep Staging with Lightweight Safety Rails

Hritik Arasu·Faisal R Jahangiri
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Abstract

Sleep staging models often degrade when deployed on patients with unseen physiology or recording conditions. We propose a streaming, source-free test-time adaptation (TTA) recipe that combines entropy minimization (Tent) with Batch-Norm statistic refresh and two safety rails: an entropy gate to pause adaptation on uncertain windows and an EMA-based reset to reel back drift. On Sleep-EDF Expanded, using single-lead EEG (Fpz-Cz, 100 Hz, 30s epochs; R&K to AASM mapping), we show consistent gains over a frozen baseline at seconds-level latency and minimal memory, reporting per-stage metrics and Cohen's k. The method is model-agnostic, requires no source data or patient calibration, and is practical for on-device or bedside use.

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BibTeXRIS

Hritik Arasu, Faisal R Jahangiri. 2025-09-03. StableSleep: Source-Free Test-Time Adaptation for Sleep Staging with Lightweight Safety Rails. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02982

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