Regular Structures in Kronecker Permutations

François Clément

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arXiv · 2509.03782

Regular Structures in Kronecker Permutations

François Clément

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Abstract

Kronecker sequences $(k \alpha \mod 1)_{k=1}^{\infty}$ for some irrational $\alpha > 0$ have played an important role in many areas of mathematics. It is possible to associate to each finite segment $(k \alpha \mod 1)_{k=1}^{n}$ a permutation $\pi \in S_n$ associated with the canonical lifting to two dimensions. We show that these permutations induced by Kronecker sequences based on irrational $\alpha$ are extremely regular for specific choices of $n$ and $\alpha$. In particular, all quadratic irrationals have an infinite number of choices of $n$ that lead to permutations where no cycle has length more than 4.

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François Clément. 2025-09-04. Regular Structures in Kronecker Permutations. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03782

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