Scalarization of Bardeen spacetime

Long-Xing Huang; Yong-Qiang Wang

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arXiv · 2509.08549

Scalarization of Bardeen spacetime

Long-Xing Huang·Yong-Qiang Wang

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Abstract

In this paper, we study the scalarization of the entire Bardeen spacetime which is constructed from a nonlinear magnetic monopole. We find that once the scalarization coupling parameter exceeds the scalarized threshold $a_t$, a scalarized Bardeen spacetime (SBS) solution exists for any magnetic charge $q$. However, the nature of the scalarization depends on the magnetic charge $q$. For $q$ less than a critical vaule $q_c$, when $a$ exceeds $a_t$, the scalar field emerges. As $a$ approaches $a_t$ from above (i.e., $a\to a_t^+$), the scalar field vanishes and the metric is reduced to a pure Bardeen spacetime. This behavior indicates that the solution exhibits the general ``spontaneous" scalarization phenomenon. Conversely, for $q \geq q_c$, in the limit $a \to a_t^+$, the scalar field is non-vanishing and the SBS approaches a ``frozen" SBS. Considering the importance of photon orbits in astronomical observations, we analyze the trajectories of photons around SBSs by analyzing null geodesics.

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Long-Xing Huang, Yong-Qiang Wang. 2025-09-10. Scalarization of Bardeen spacetime. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08549

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