The Random Walk Pinning Model II: Upper bounds on the free energy and disorder relevance

Abstract

This article investigates the question of disorder relevance for the continuous-time Random Walk Pinning Model (RWPM) and completes the results of our companion paper. The RWPM considers a continuous time random walk $X=(X_t)_{t\geq 0}$, whose law is modified by a Gibbs weight given by $\exp(\beta \int_0^T \mathbf{1}_{\{X_t=Y_t\}} dt)$, where $Y=(Y_t)_{t\geq 0}$ is a quenched trajectory of a second (independent) random walk and $\beta \geq 0$ is the inverse temperature. The random walk $Y$ has the same distribution as $X$ but a jump rate $\rho \geq 0$, interpreted as the disorder intensity. For fixed $\rho\ge 0$, the RWPM undergoes a localization phase transition as $\beta$ crosses a critical threshold $\beta_c(\rho)$. The question of disorder relevance then consists in determining whether a disorder of arbitrarily small intensity $\rho$ changes the properties of the phase transition. We focus our analysis on the case of transient $\gamma$-stable walks on $\mathbb{Z}$, i.e. random walks in the domain of attraction of a $\gamma$-stable law, with $\gamma\in (0,1)$. In the present paper, we show that disorder is relevant when $\gamma \in (0,\frac23]$, namely that $\beta_c(\rho)>\beta_c(0)$ for every $\rho>0$. We also provide lower bounds on the critical point shift, which are matching the upper bounds obtained in our companion paper. Interestingly, in the marginal case $\gamma = \frac23$, disorder is always relevant, independently of the fine properties of the random walk distribution. When $\gamma \in (\frac23,1)$, our companion paper proves that disorder is irrelevant (in particular $\beta_c(\rho)=\beta_c(0)$ for $\rho$ small enough). We provide here an upper bound on the free energy in the regime $\gamma\in (\frac 2 3,1)$ that highlights the fact that although disorder is irrelevant, it still has a non-trivial effect on the phase transition, at any $\rho>0$.