The Random Walk Pinning Model I: Lower bounds on the free energy and disorder irrelevance

Abstract

The Random Walk Pinning Model (RWPM) is a statistical mechanics model in which the trajectory of a continuous time random walk $X=(X_t)_{t\geq 0}$ is rewarded according to the time it spends together with a moving catalyst. More specifically for a system of size $T$, the law of $X$ is tilted by the Gibbs factor $\exp(\beta \int_0^T \mathbf{1}_{\{X_t=Y_t\}} dt)$, where $\beta \geq 0$ is the inverse temperature. The moving catalyst $Y=(Y_t)_{t\ge 0}$ is given by the quenched trajectory of a second continuous-time random walk, with the same distribution as $X$ but a different jump rate $\rho\geq 0$, interpreted as the disorder intensity. For fixed $\rho\ge 0$, the RWPM undergoes a localization phase transition when $\beta$ passes a critical value $\beta_c(\rho)$. We thoroughly investigate the question of disorder relevance to determine whether a disorder of arbitrarily small intensity affects the features of the phase transition. We focus our analysis on the case of transient $\gamma$-stable walks on $\mathbb{Z}$, i.e. random walks in the domain of attraction of a $\gamma$-stable law, with $\gamma\in (0,1)$. In the present paper, we derive lower bounds for the free energy, which results in either a proof of disorder irrelevance or upper bounds on the critical point shift. More precisely, when $\gamma \in(\frac23,1)$, our estimates imply that that $\beta_c(\rho)=\beta_c(0)$ and $\rho$ is small, showing disorder irrelevance. When $\gamma\in (0,\frac23]$ our companion paper shows that $\beta_c(\rho)>\beta_c(0)$ for every $\rho>0$, showing disorder relevance: we derive here upper bounds on the critical point shift, which are matching the lower bounds obtained in our companion paper. For good measure, our analysis also includes the case of the simple random walk of $\mathbb{Z}^d$ (for $d\ge 3$) for which no upper bound on the critical point shift was previously known.