Directionality of the Voynich Script

Christophe Parisel

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arXiv · 2509.10573

Directionality of the Voynich Script

Christophe Parisel

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Abstract

While the Voynich Manuscript was almost certainly written left-to-right (LTR), the question whether the underlying script or cipher reads LTR or right-to-left (RTL) has received little quantitative attention. We introduce a statistical method that leverages n-gram perplexity asymmetry to determine directional bias in character sequences.

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Christophe Parisel. 2025-09-11. Directionality of the Voynich Script. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10573

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