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arXiv · 2509.13284

Emergent structures in open EFTs

Perseas Christodoulidis
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Abstract

Open effective field theories provide a systematic framework for describing systems coupled to an environment, where dissipation, noise, and modified conservation laws naturally arise. Working within the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, we examine open extensions of three well-studied theories: the superfluid, Maxwell theory, and Einstein gravity. In gauge and gravitational theories, open terms that break advanced symmetries while preserving physical ones are not automatically consistent; they are allowed only if they lead to deformed identities among the equations of motion. We explicitly construct such a term in open gravity and show that it leads to a consistent deformation of the diffeomorphism identities.

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Perseas Christodoulidis. 2025-09-16. Emergent structures in open EFTs. https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep05(2026)145

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