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arXiv · 2509.13423

Computational complexity of Berry phase estimation in topological phases of matter

Ryu Hayakawa·Kazuki Sakamoto·Chusei Kiumi
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Abstract

The Berry phase is a fundamental quantity in the classification of topological phases of matter. In this paper, we present a new quantum algorithm and several complexity-theoretical results for the Berry phase estimation (BPE) problems. Our new quantum algorithm achieves BPE in a more general setting than previously known quantum algorithms, with a theoretical guarantee. For the complexity-theoretic results, we consider three cases. First, we prove $\mathsf{BQP}$-completeness when we are given a guiding state that has a large overlap with the ground state. This result establishes an exponential quantum speedup for estimating the Berry phase. Second, we prove $\mathsf{UQMA} \cap \mathsf{co}$-$\mathsf{UQMA}$-completeness when we have an $\textit{a priori}$ bound for the ground-state energy. Here, $\mathsf{UQMA}$ is the unique witness version of $\mathsf{QMA}$, and $\mathsf{UQMA} \cap \mathsf{co}$-$\mathsf{UQMA}$ precisely captures the complexity of BPE without the known guiding state. Remarkably, this problem is, to our knowledge, the first natural problem complete for $\mathsf{UQMA} \cap \mathsf{co}$-$\mathsf{UQMA}$. Third, we show $\mathsf{P}^{\mathsf{UQMA} \cap \mathsf{co}\text{-}\mathsf{UQMA}\mathsf{[log]}}$-hardness and containment in $\mathsf{P}^{\mathsf{PGQMA[log]}}$ when we have no additional assumption. These results advance the role of quantum computing in the study of topological phases of matter and provide a pathway for clarifying the connection between topological phases of matter and computational complexity.

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Ryu Hayakawa, Kazuki Sakamoto, Chusei Kiumi. 2025-09-16. Computational complexity of Berry phase estimation in topological phases of matter. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13423

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