Thermodynamic Explanation of the Meissner-Ochsenfeld Effect in Superconductors

Phil Attard

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arXiv · 2509.14247

Thermodynamic Explanation of the Meissner-Ochsenfeld Effect in Superconductors

Phil Attard

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Abstract

The thermodynamic principle of superfluid flow -- that the energy is minimized at constant entropy -- is applied to superconducting currents to derive the Meissner-Ochsenfeld effect in which magnetic fields are expelled from superconductors. The principle gives a modified form for the first London equation that does not trap magnetic fields within a superconductor. The physical mechanism by which a critical magnetic field destroys superconductivity is identified.

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Phil Attard. 2025-09-09. Thermodynamic Explanation of the Meissner-Ochsenfeld Effect in Superconductors. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14247

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