Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Sensing and Communications

Abolfazl Zakeri; Nhan Thanh Nguyen; Ahmed Alkhateeb; Markku Juntti

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arXiv · 2509.19130

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Sensing and Communications

Abolfazl Zakeri·Nhan Thanh Nguyen·Ahmed Alkhateeb·Markku Juntti

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Abstract

Environmental sensing can significantly enhance mmWave communications by assisting beam training, yet its benefits must be balanced against the associated sensing costs. To this end, we propose a unified machine learning framework that dynamically determines when to sense and leverages sensory data for beam prediction. Specifically, we formulate a joint sensing and beamforming problem that maximizes the average signal-to-noise ratio under an average sensing budget. Lyapunov optimization is employed to enforce the sensing constraint, while a deep Q-Network determines the sensing slots. A pretrained deep neural network then maps the sensing data to optimal beams in the codebook. Simulations based on the real-world DeepSense dataset demonstrate that the proposed approach substantially reduces sensing overhead while maintaining satisfactory communications performance.

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BibTeX RIS

Abolfazl Zakeri, Nhan Thanh Nguyen, Ahmed Alkhateeb, Markku Juntti. 2025-09-23. Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Sensing and Communications. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19130

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