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arXiv · 2509.20170

Effect of Cosmic Neutrino Background on the Dark Matter Self-interaction via Neutrino force

Pawin Ittisamai·Chakrit Pongkitivanichkul·Muhammaddaniya Sutwilai·Nakorn Thongyoi·Patipan Uttayarat
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Abstract

Neutrino-pair exchange induces a neutrino force that can drive dark matter (DM) self-interactions and impact small-scale structure formation. In the presence of the cosmic neutrino background (C$\nu$B), this force can be modified, with important consequences for DM phenomenology. We study the effect of the C$\nu$B on neutrino forces, generated by the scalar and pseudoscalar interactions. We explore the significance of the background neutrino force on the scalar DM-neutrino portal model, including DM self-scattering and annihilation. Our results show that the interplay between attractive vacuum potential and repulsive background potential leads to a screening effect that varies across DM mass ($m_\chi$) regimes, strongly affecting DM self-scattering in the DM mass $m_\nu \lesssim m_\chi \lesssim T_{C \nu B}$. Meanwhile, for DM annihilation, the screening completely vanishes the Sommerfeld Enhancement induced by the neutrino force. Overall, the C$\nu$B substantially reshapes the viable coupling range for DM self-interactions while remaining compatible with current constraints, offering a pathway to small-scale structure problems.

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Pawin Ittisamai, Chakrit Pongkitivanichkul, Muhammaddaniya Sutwilai, Nakorn Thongyoi, Patipan Uttayarat. 2025-09-24. Effect of Cosmic Neutrino Background on the Dark Matter Self-interaction via Neutrino force. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20170

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