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arXiv · 2509.24052

Regular Bardeen black holes within non-minimal scalar-linear electrodynamic couplings

Daniela S. J. Cordeiro·Ednaldo L. B. Junior·José Tarciso S. S. Junior·Francisco S. N. Lobo·Jorde A. A. Ramos·Manuel E. Rodrigues·Diego Rubiera-Garcia·Luís F. Dias da Silva·Henrique A. Vieira
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Abstract

In this paper, we demonstrate that a linear electromagnetic matter source can be constructed for regular black hole solutions, illustrated by the case of the Bardeen black hole. Our method relies on coupling a scalar field and its potential to General Relativity (GR) alongside electrodynamics. Both fields are minimally coupled to GR but interact with each other. We validate this approach by interpreting the Bardeen solution either as a purely magnetic or as a purely electric configuration for a spherically symmetric metric with an arbitrary electrodynamics Lagrangian $\mathcal{L}(F)$ and a coupling function $W(\varphi)$. By choosing an appropriate form of $W$, the electromagnetic Lagrangian can be rendered linear. We then analyze the behavior of the coupling function and the scalar field potential, emphasizing their relation to the magnetic or electric charge. Finally, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of this framework with the conventional formalism, in which regular charged black holes are supported solely by nonlinear electrodynamics.

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Daniela S. J. Cordeiro, Ednaldo L. B. Junior, José Tarciso S. S. Junior, Francisco S. N. Lobo, Jorde A. A. Ramos, Manuel E. Rodrigues, Diego Rubiera-Garcia, Luís F. Dias da Silva, Henrique A. Vieira. 2025-09-28. Regular Bardeen black holes within non-minimal scalar-linear electrodynamic couplings. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24052

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