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arXiv · 2509.26640

SPATA: Systematic Pattern Analysis for Detailed and Transparent Data Cards

João Vitorino·Eva Maia·Isabel Praça·Carlos Soares
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Abstract

Due to the susceptibility of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to data perturbations and adversarial examples, it is crucial to perform a thorough robustness evaluation before any Machine Learning (ML) model is deployed. However, examining a model's decision boundaries and identifying potential vulnerabilities typically requires access to the training and testing datasets, which may pose risks to data privacy and confidentiality. To improve transparency in organizations that handle confidential data or manage critical infrastructure, it is essential to allow external verification and validation of AI without the disclosure of private datasets. This paper presents Systematic Pattern Analysis (SPATA), a deterministic method that converts any tabular dataset to a domain-independent representation of its statistical patterns, to provide more detailed and transparent data cards. SPATA computes the projection of each data instance into a discrete space where they can be analyzed and compared, without risking data leakage. These projected datasets can be reliably used for the evaluation of how different features affect ML model robustness and for the generation of interpretable explanations of their behavior, contributing to more trustworthy AI.

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João Vitorino, Eva Maia, Isabel Praça, Carlos Soares. 2025-09-30. SPATA: Systematic Pattern Analysis for Detailed and Transparent Data Cards. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26640

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