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arXiv · 2510.00603

LVLMs as inspectors: an agentic framework for category-level structural defect annotation

Sheng Jiang·Yuanmin Ning·Bingxi Huang·Peiyin Chen·Zhaohui Chen
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Abstract

Automated structural defect annotation is essential for ensuring infrastructure safety while minimizing the high costs and inefficiencies of manual labeling. A novel agentic annotation framework, Agent-based Defect Pattern Tagger (ADPT), is introduced that integrates Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) with a semantic pattern matching module and an iterative self-questioning refinement mechanism. By leveraging optimized domain-specific prompting and a recursive verification process, ADPT transforms raw visual data into high-quality, semantically labeled defect datasets without any manual supervision. Experimental results demonstrate that ADPT achieves up to 98% accuracy in distinguishing defective from non-defective images, and 85%-98% annotation accuracy across four defect categories under class-balanced settings, with 80%-92% accuracy on class-imbalanced datasets. The framework offers a scalable and cost-effective solution for high-fidelity dataset construction, providing strong support for downstream tasks such as transfer learning and domain adaptation in structural damage assessment.

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Sheng Jiang, Yuanmin Ning, Bingxi Huang, Peiyin Chen, Zhaohui Chen. 2025-10-01. LVLMs as inspectors: an agentic framework for category-level structural defect annotation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00603

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