Symmetry and Self-Bound Droplets in Dipolar Molecular Gases

Abstract

Recent experiments with degenerate molecular gases dressed by elliptically polarized microwave fields have enabled new control of dipolar interactions via engineered anisotropy. We reveal a symmetry structure of the dipolar interaction that generates degeneracies among the interaction parameters, enabling a classification of spatial symmetries and equilibrium shapes of the gases. Exploiting these symmetries, we analyze solutions including beyond-meanfield quantum fluctuations, and develop a complementary variational theory. We map out the phase diagram of self-bound droplets and characterize their widths, energies, and densities.