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arXiv · 2510.05567

Factorial cumulants of proton multiplicity near a critical point using maximum entropy freeze-out prescription

Jamie Karthein·Maneesha Pradeep·Krishna Rajagopal·Mikhail Stephanov·Yi Yin
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Abstract

We present the first application of the maximum-entropy freeze-out prescription to calculate factorial cumulants of proton multiplicities near the conjectured QCD critical point in thermal equilibrium. We map the Gibbs free energy of the 3D Ising model to a parameterized class of possible EoS near QCD critical point. This equilibrium baseline highlights how factorial cumulants isolate critical fluctuations by subtracting trivial self-correlations, setting the stage for future out-of-equilibrium analyses. We identify the key non-universal aspects of the mapping to the Ising model that strongly control the characteristic properties, such as magnitude and location of the peaks of the factorial cumulants along the freeze-out curve.

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Jamie Karthein, Maneesha Pradeep, Krishna Rajagopal, Mikhail Stephanov, Yi Yin. 2025-10-07. Factorial cumulants of proton multiplicity near a critical point using maximum entropy freeze-out prescription. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05567

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