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arXiv · 2510.06288

BuilderBench: The Building Blocks of Intelligent Agents

Raj Ghugare·Roger Creus Castanyer·Catherine Ji·Kathryn Wantlin·Jin Schofield·Karthik Narasimhan·Benjamin Eysenbach
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Abstract

Today's AI models learn primarily through mimicry and refining, so it is not surprising that they struggle to solve problems beyond the limits set by existing data. To solve novel problems, agents should acquire skills by exploring and learning through experience. Finding a scalable learning mechanism for developing agents that learn through interaction remains a major open problem. In this work, we introduce BuilderBench, a benchmark to accelerate research into agent training that centers open-ended exploration. BuilderBench requires agents to learn how to build any structure using blocks. BuilderBench is equipped with (1) a simulator of a robot interacting with various physical blocks, and (2) a task-suite with over 50 diverse target structures that are carefully curated to test an understanding of physics, mathematics, and long-horizon planning. Agents are provided with a target structure at the start, and can interact with the environment for multiple episodes to experiment and learn various skills for building the structure. Solving these tasks requires \emph{embodied reasoning} in a way that is not reflected in words but rather in actions, experimenting with different strategies and piecing them together. Our experiments with multiple state-of-the-art frontier language model based agents and tabula rasa reinforcement learning algorithms show that these agents cannot solve any of the non-trivial tasks in the BuilderBench. Our analysis throws light on the lack of exploration abilities in these models.

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Raj Ghugare, Roger Creus Castanyer, Catherine Ji, Kathryn Wantlin, Jin Schofield, Karthik Narasimhan, Benjamin Eysenbach. 2025-10-07. BuilderBench: The Building Blocks of Intelligent Agents. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06288

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