Universality of critical behaviors in the three-dimensional (3D) Ising magnets

Zhidong Zhang

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arXiv · 2510.09111

Universality of critical behaviors in the three-dimensional (3D) Ising magnets

Zhidong Zhang

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Abstract

This article gives a brief overview on recent advances in experiments of critical exponents in three groups of magnetic materials. Revisiting experimental data verifies that a universality class with the critical exponents beta = 3/8, gamma = 5/4 and delta = 13/3 occurs in the three-dimensional (3D) Ising magnets, such as transition-metal intermetallics, rare-earth transition-metal compounds and manganites. Furthermore, the topological contributions to critical behaviors in the 3D Ising model are estimated by the difference between the exact solutions and the approximation values.

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Zhidong Zhang. 2025-10-10. Universality of critical behaviors in the three-dimensional (3D) Ising magnets. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09111

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