Dark matter production from evaporation of regular primordial black holes

Abstract

We point out that a simple redefinition of the regularizing parameter in regular black hole (RBH) metrics can preserve the self-similarity of the evaporation process. This implies that a RBH can evaporate completely, mirroring the behavior of its singular counterpart. Consequently, RBHs need not evolve into exotic, unverified remnant states such as horizonless compact objects or wormholes. We then provide a general framework to study dark matter (DM) production from evaporation of regular primordial black holes (RPBHs). As illustrative examples, we explicitly work out the cases of the Hayward metric and the Simpson-Visser metric. The formalism can be readily applied to other metrics. RPBH generally exhibits different Hawking temperature and horizon size compared to their singular counterpart, leading to distinct lifetime and mass evolution. We calculate the resulting modified cosmological constraints and the allowed parameter space to obtain the correct DM abundance. This intriguing scenario provides a unified resolution to both the DM problem and the black hole singularity problem, while preserving the standard self-similar evaporation process.