Environmental Regulation of Dust and Star Formation Unveiled by Subaru Dual Narrow-band Imaging: Degree-scale Balmer Decrement Mapping across a z = 0.9 Supercluster

Abstract

We present results from a dual narrow-band imaging survey targeting the CL1604 supercluster at z = 0.9 using the Subaru Telescope. By combining the NB921 filter on HSC and the NB1244 filter on SWIMS, we can detect redshifted H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ emission lines from the supercluster. This unique technique allows us to measure both star formation rates and dust extinction for a sample of 94 emission-line galaxies across the supercluster. We find that dust extinction, estimated from the Balmer decrement (H$\alpha$/H$\beta$ ratio), increases with stellar mass in star-forming galaxies, whereas relatively quiescent systems exhibit comparatively low extinction. Among galaxies with intermediate masses ($10^{8.5} < M_* < 10^{10.5}\,M_\odot$), the dust-corrected H$\alpha$-based star formation rates align with the main sequence at this epoch. More massive galaxies, however, deviate from this relation, exhibit redder colors, and reside predominantly in higher-density environments. Although stellar mass, SFR, and galaxy color are clearly influenced by environment, we detect no strong, systematic environmental dependence of dust extinction for the whole sample.