Lecture Notes on Verifying Graph Neural Networks

François Schwarzentruber

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arXiv · 2510.11617

Lecture Notes on Verifying Graph Neural Networks

François Schwarzentruber

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Abstract

In these lecture notes, we first recall the connection between graph neural networks, Weisfeiler-Lehman tests and logics such as first-order logic and graded modal logic. We then present a modal logic in which counting modalities appear in linear inequalities in order to solve verification tasks on graph neural networks. We describe an algorithm for the satisfiability problem of that logic. It is inspired from the tableau method of vanilla modal logic, extended with reasoning in quantifier-free fragment Boolean algebra with Presburger arithmetic.

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François Schwarzentruber. 2025-10-13. Lecture Notes on Verifying Graph Neural Networks. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11617

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