Splitting Isotope Shift in the $1s2p\,^3\!P_{0,1,2}$ Fine-Structure Triplet in $^{12,13,14}$C$^{4+}$: Experiment and Theory

Abstract

We report measurements and theoretical calculations of the fine-structure splittings in all three $1s2s\,^3\!S_1\rightarrow\,1s2p\,^3\!P_{0,1,2}$ transitions in the heliumlike systems of the isotopes $^{12,13,14}$C. The metastable triplet state was efficiently populated in an electron beam ion source and the C$^{4+}$ ions were electrostatically accelerated to 50\,keV to perform collinear laser spectroscopy. From the determined transition frequencies, the splitting isotope shift (SIS), i.e., the difference in fine-structure splittings between different isotopes of the same element, was extracted. In the SIS, theoretical uncertainties due to higher-order quantum electrodynamic corrections are strongly suppressed since they are independent of both nuclear mass and the fine-structure quantum number $J$ in lowest order. Comparison with theory provides an important test of experimental accuracy, particularly in the $^{13}$C$^{4+}$ case, for which the nuclear spin leads to hyperfine-induced fine-structure mixing. At the same time, the even-even isotopes $^{12,14}$C$^{4+}$ without nuclear spin can be used to confirm theory. Theoretical values of the SIS are given for all the heliumlike ions with $2\le Z\le 10$.