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arXiv · 2510.16044

A Novel GPT-Based Framework for Anomaly Detection in System Logs

Zeng Zhang·Wenjie Yin·Xiaoqi Li
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Abstract

Identification of anomalous events within system logs constitutes a pivotal element within the frame- work of cybersecurity defense strategies. However, this process faces numerous challenges, including the management of substantial data volumes, the distribution of anomalies, and the precision of con- ventional methods. To address this issue, the present paper puts forward a proposal for an intelligent detection method for system logs based on Genera- tive Pre-trained Transformers (GPT). The efficacy of this approach is attributable to a combination of structured input design and a Focal Loss op- timization strategy, which collectively result in a substantial enhancement of the performance of log anomaly detection. The initial approach involves the conversion of raw logs into event ID sequences through the use of the Drain parser. Subsequently, the Focal Loss loss function is employed to address the issue of class imbalance. The experimental re- sults demonstrate that the optimized GPT-2 model significantly outperforms the unoptimized model in a range of key metrics, including precision, recall, and F1 score. In specific tasks, comparable or superior performance has been demonstrated to that of the GPT-3.5 API.

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Zeng Zhang, Wenjie Yin, Xiaoqi Li. 2025-10-16. A Novel GPT-Based Framework for Anomaly Detection in System Logs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16044

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