On the Use of Large Language Models for Qualitative Synthesis

Sebastián Pizard; Ramiro Moreira; Federico Galiano; Ignacio Sastre; Lorena Etcheverry

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arXiv · 2510.16502

On the Use of Large Language Models for Qualitative Synthesis

Sebastián Pizard·Ramiro Moreira·Federico Galiano·Ignacio Sastre·Lorena Etcheverry

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Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for supporting systematic reviews (SR), even complex tasks such as qualitative synthesis (QS). However, applying them to a stage that is unevenly reported and variably conducted carries important risks: misuse can amplify existing weaknesses and erode confidence in the SR findings. To examine the challenges of using LLMs for QS, we conducted a collaborative autoethnography involving two trials. We evaluated each trial for methodological rigor and practical usefulness, and interpreted the results through a technical lens informed by how LLMs are built and their current limitations.

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Sebastián Pizard, Ramiro Moreira, Federico Galiano, Ignacio Sastre, Lorena Etcheverry. 2025-10-18. On the Use of Large Language Models for Qualitative Synthesis. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16502

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