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arXiv · 2510.19097

A Configurable Simulation Framework for Safety Assessment of Vulnerable Road Users

Zhitong He·Yaobin Chen·Brian King·Lingxi Li
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Abstract

Ensuring the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs), including pedestrians, cyclists, electric scooter riders, and motorcyclists, remains a major challenge for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and connected and automated vehicles (CAV) technologies. Real-world VRU tests are expensive and sometimes cannot capture or repeat rare and hazardous events. In this paper, we present a lightweight, configurable simulation framework that follows European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP) VRU testing protocols. A rule-based finite-state machine (FSM) is developed as a motion planner to provide vehicle automation during the VRU interaction. We also integrate ego-vehicle perception and idealized Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) awareness to demonstrate safety margins in different scenarios. This work provides an extensible platform for rapid and repeatable VRU safety validation, paving the way for broader case-study deployment in diverse, user-defined settings, which will be essential for building a more VRU-friendly and sustainable intelligent transportation system.

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Zhitong He, Yaobin Chen, Brian King, Lingxi Li. 2025-10-21. A Configurable Simulation Framework for Safety Assessment of Vulnerable Road Users. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19097

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