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arXiv · 2510.19976

Morphological computational capacity of Physarum polycephalum

Suyash Bajpai·Aviva Lucas-DeMott·Nirosha J Murugan·Michael Levin·Philip Kurian
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Abstract

While computational capacity limits of the universe and carbon-based life have been estimated, a stricter bound for aneural organisms has not been established. Physarum polycephalum, a unicellular, multinucleated amoeba, is capable of complex problem-solving despite lacking neurons. By analyzing growth dynamics in two distinct Physarum strains under diverse biological conditions, we map morphological evolution to information processing. As the Margolus-Levitin theorem constrains maximum computation rates by accessible energies, we analyze high-throughput time-series data of Physarum's morphology--quantified through area, perimeter, circularity, and fractal dimension-to determine upper bounds on the number of logical operations achievable through its hydromechanical, chemical, kinetic, and quantum-optical degrees of freedom. Based on spatial distribution of ATP and explored areas, Physarum can perform up to ~$10^{36}$ logical operations in 24 hours, scaling linearly in the non-equilibrium steady state. This framework enables comparison of the computational capacities of life, exploiting either classical or quantum degrees of freedom.

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Suyash Bajpai, Aviva Lucas-DeMott, Nirosha J Murugan, Michael Levin, Philip Kurian. 2025-10-22. Morphological computational capacity of Physarum polycephalum. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19976

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