A grad-curl conforming virtual element method for a grad-curl problem linking the 3D quad-curl problem and Stokes system

Abstract

Based on the Stokes complex with vanishing boundary conditions and its dual complex, we reinterpret a grad-curl problem arising from the quad-curl problem as a new vector potential formulation of the three-dimensional Stokes system. By extending the analysis to the corresponding non-homogeneous problems and the accompanying trace complex, we construct a novel $\boldsymbol{H}(\operatorname{grad-curl})$-conforming virtual element space with arbitrary approximation order that satisfies the exactness of the associated discrete Stokes complex. In the lowest-order case, three degrees of freedom are assigned to each vertex and one to each edge. For the grad-curl problem, we rigorously establish the interpolation error estimates, the stability of discrete bilinear forms, and the convergence of the proposed element on polyhedral meshes. As a discrete vector potential formulation of the Stokes problem, the resulting system is pressure-decoupled and symmetric positive definite. Some numerical examples are presented to verify the theoretical results.