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arXiv · 2510.23719

Anti-concentration is (almost) all you need

Markus Heinrich·Jonas Haferkamp·Ingo Roth·Jonas Helsen
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Abstract

Until very recently, it was generally believed that the (approximate) 2-design property is strictly stronger than anticoncentration of random quantum circuits, mainly because it was shown that the latter anticoncentrate in logarithmic depth, while the former generally need linear depth circuits. This belief was disproven by recent results which show that so-called relative-error approximate unitary designs can, in fact, be generated in logarithmic depth, implying anticoncentration. Their result does however not apply to ordinary local random circuits, a gap which we close in this letter, at least for 2-designs. More precisely, we show that anticoncentration of local random quantum circuits already implies that they form relative-error approximate state 2-designs, making them equivalent properties for these ensembles. Our result holds more generally for any random circuit which is invariant under local (single-qubit) unitaries, independent of the architecture.

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Markus Heinrich, Jonas Haferkamp, Ingo Roth, Jonas Helsen. 2025-10-27. Anti-concentration is (almost) all you need. https://doi.org/10.1103/z3mp-5gml

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