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arXiv · 2510.25928

First-order phase transitions and cosmic evolution: thermodynamic approach to generalized holographic dark energy

Miguel Cruz·Joaquin Housset·Samuel Lepe·Joel Saavedra·Francisco Tello-Ortiz
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Abstract

Focusing on the description of cosmic evolution at late times, this study examines a generalized holographic dark energy (HDE) framework constructed via a polynomial expansion in the Hubble parameter, which includes contributions proportional to $H^{2}$, $H^{4}$, and $H^{6}$, introduced through a variable parameter within the standard holographic formula. The analysis is carried out in the context of a spatially flat Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) Universe, consisting of non-interacting matter together with the HDE fluid. We obtain the full set of Friedmann equations to investigate cosmic evolution and then analyze the system to determine whether thermodynamic $P - v$ type phase transitions can occur.

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Miguel Cruz, Joaquin Housset, Samuel Lepe, Joel Saavedra, Francisco Tello-Ortiz. 2025-10-29. First-order phase transitions and cosmic evolution: thermodynamic approach to generalized holographic dark energy. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc%2Fs10052-026-15472-y

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