MedSAE: Dissecting MedCLIP Representations with Sparse Autoencoders

Riccardo Renzulli; Colas Lepoutre; Enrico Cassano; Marco Grangetto

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arXiv · 2510.26411

MedSAE: Dissecting MedCLIP Representations with Sparse Autoencoders

Riccardo Renzulli·Colas Lepoutre·Enrico Cassano·Marco Grangetto

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Abstract

Artificial intelligence in healthcare requires models that are accurate and interpretable. We advance mechanistic interpretability in medical vision by applying Medical Sparse Autoencoders (MedSAEs) to the latent space of MedCLIP, a vision-language model trained on chest radiographs and reports. To quantify interpretability, we propose an evaluation framework that combines correlation metrics, entropy analyses, and automated neuron naming via the MedGemma foundation model. Experiments on the CheXpert dataset show that MedSAE neurons achieve higher monosemanticity and interpretability than raw MedCLIP features. Our findings bridge high-performing medical AI and transparency, offering a scalable step toward clinically reliable representations. The source code supporting the findings of this study is available at https://github.com/EIDOSLAB/MedSAE.

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Riccardo Renzulli, Colas Lepoutre, Enrico Cassano, Marco Grangetto. 2025-10-30. MedSAE: Dissecting MedCLIP Representations with Sparse Autoencoders. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.26411

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