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arXiv · 2511.00297

BESS Siting and Sizing to Mitigate EV Charging-Induced Voltage Violations: A Planning Space Reduction Approach

Linhan Fang·Xingpeng Li
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Abstract

The rapid growth of electric vehicle (EV) charging can cause persistent voltage violations in distribution networks and increase the need for grid-side voltage support. This paper develops a proactive voltage management framework for planning battery energy storage systems (BESS) to mitigate EV charging-induced voltage violations. Annual EV charging profiles are generated through Monte Carlo simulation using probability distributions derived from real charging events and are incorporated into an annual voltage assessment to identify stressed operating conditions. An optimal expansion planning model then determines installation locations and capacities at minimum investment cost. To improve computational tractability, a planning space reduction (PSR) strategy combines critical period selection to reduce the chronological horizon with candidate bus screening to reduce the BESS siting space. The resulting investment decisions are evaluated through full-year operational validation on the IEEE 33-bus, IEEE 69-bus, and a 240-bus distribution system. Results show that PSR reduces solution time by up to 99.2% while matching the exhaustive benchmark in the 33-bus and 69-bus systems and limiting the objective deviation to 0.55% in the 240-bus system. The optimized BESS deployments eliminate the identified annual voltage violations and further reduce electricity purchase costs and network energy losses under increasing EV penetration.

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Linhan Fang, Xingpeng Li. 2025-10-31. BESS Siting and Sizing to Mitigate EV Charging-Induced Voltage Violations: A Planning Space Reduction Approach. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00297

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