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arXiv · 2511.01051

Can we identify primordial black holes? The role of subsolar gravitational wave events

Francesco Crescimbeni
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Abstract

The detection of a subsolar object in a compact binary merger is regarded as one of the most compelling signatures of a population of primordial black holes (PBHs). We critically examine whether such systems can be distinguished from stellar binaries, such as those composed of neutron stars (NSs), which could also populate the subsolar mass range. Unlike PBHs, the gravitational-wave signal from stellar binaries is affected by tidal effects, which increase by several orders of magnitude as the mass decreases. We forecast the capability of current and future gravitational-wave (GW) detectors to constrain tidal effects in putative subsolar binaries. We also discuss the broader implications that the detection of a subsolar merger would have for both cosmology and nuclear physics.

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Francesco Crescimbeni. 2025-11-02. Can we identify primordial black holes? The role of subsolar gravitational wave events. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01051

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