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arXiv · 2511.01544

General Framework for the Spontaneous Scalarization of Regular Black Holes

Ernesto Contreras·Mikaela Carrasco-Hidalgo·Pedro Bargueño·Arthur G. Suvorov
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Abstract

We investigate the spontaneous scalarization of generic, static, and spherically symmetric regular black holes supported by nonlinear electrodynamics. Starting from an arbitrary seed metric, we employ the P-dual formalism to reconstruct the electromagnetic sector and subsequently couple a real scalar field nonminimally. As a worked example, we apply the framework to the regular Balart-Vagenas black hole, showing that scalarized and scalar-free branches can coexist in a region where the scalarized configurations are entropically preferred. We further assess possible observational imprints, finding percent-level deviations in both the shadow size and the fundamental scalar quasi-normal modes ($< 10\%$ for small charge-to-mass ratios), indicating that current electromagnetic and gravitational-wave observations do not rule out these solutions. Our construction thus provides a general route to explore scalarization on top of nonlinear-electrodynamics-supported spacetimes, extending beyond specific Reissner-Nordstr\"om-like cases.

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Ernesto Contreras, Mikaela Carrasco-Hidalgo, Pedro Bargueño, Arthur G. Suvorov. 2025-11-03. General Framework for the Spontaneous Scalarization of Regular Black Holes. https://doi.org/10.1103/9st9-ys67

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