Double white dwarf ZTF J0538+1953 as the brightest verification binary for space laser interferometers

Abstract

A decrease in the orbital period of the ultrashort-period binary white dwarf \ZTF, which is one of the Galactic verification binaries in the millihertz frequency range for planned space laser interferometers, has been measured. Based on photometric observations carried out on the 2.5-m telescope of the Caucasian Mountain Observatory of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute of Moscow State University (CMO SAI MSU), a diagram \textit{O-C} is constructed. It can be described by quadratic elements of the brightness variation, which correspond to a decrease rate of the orbital period of the system of $dP/dt=-(1.16\pm 0.22)\times 10^{-11}$ s/s. The decrease rate of the orbital period in the quadrupole approximation for the emission of gravitational waves by a binary system corresponds to its chirp mass $\mathcal{M}=0.434\pm 0.05 M_\odot$, which turned out to be $\sim 30\%$ higher than the value obtained earlier from spectroscopic mass determination. The chirp mass of \ZTF inferred from the measured orbital decay rate makes this system the brightest Galactic verification binary for LISA and TianQin space interferometers with a signal-to-noise ratio of $\approx 119$ and $\approx 30$ over 5 years and 2.5 years of observations, respectively.