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arXiv · 2511.02062

Vortex: Hosting ML Inference and Knowledge Retrieval Services With Tight Latency and Throughput Requirements

Yuting Yang·Tiancheng Yuan·Jamal Hashim·Thiago Garrett·Jeffrey Qian·Ann Zhang·Yifan Wang·Weijia Song·Ken Birman
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Abstract

There is growing interest in deploying ML inference and knowledge retrieval as services that could support both interactive queries by end users and more demanding request flows that arise from AIs integrated into a end-user applications and deployed as agents. Our central premise is that these latter cases will bring service level latency objectives (SLOs). Existing ML serving platforms use batching to optimize for high throughput, exposing them to unpredictable tail latencies. Vortex enables an SLO-first approach. For identical tasks, Vortex's pipelines achieve significantly lower and more stable latencies than TorchServe and Ray Serve over a wide range of workloads, often enabling a given SLO target at more than twice the request rate. When RDMA is available, the Vortex advantage is even more significant.

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Yuting Yang, Tiancheng Yuan, Jamal Hashim, Thiago Garrett, Jeffrey Qian, Ann Zhang, Yifan Wang, Weijia Song, Ken Birman. 2025-11-03. Vortex: Hosting ML Inference and Knowledge Retrieval Services With Tight Latency and Throughput Requirements. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02062

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