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arXiv · 2511.04946

The Future of Fully Homomorphic Encryption System: from a Storage I/O Perspective

Lei Chen·Erci Xu·Yiming Sun·Shengyu Fan·Xianglong Deng·Guiming Shi·Guang Fan·Liang Kong·Yilan Zhu·Shoumeng Yan·Mingzhe Zhang
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Abstract

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computations to be performed on encrypted data, significantly enhancing user privacy. However, the I/O challenges associated with deploying FHE applications remains understudied. We analyze the impact of storage I/O on the performance of FHE applications and summarize key lessons from the status quo. Key results include that storage I/O can degrade the performance of ASICs by as much as 357$\times$ and reduce GPUs performance by up to 22$\times$.

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Lei Chen, Erci Xu, Yiming Sun, Shengyu Fan, Xianglong Deng, Guiming Shi, Guang Fan, Liang Kong, Yilan Zhu, Shoumeng Yan, Mingzhe Zhang. 2025-11-07. The Future of Fully Homomorphic Encryption System: from a Storage I/O Perspective. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.04946

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