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arXiv · 2511.05636

Joint Space Time Coding on RIS for Simultaneous Direct Modulation and Beamforming

Shiyuan Li·Baojiang Yan·Yihan Xie·Yixin Tong·Chong He·Xudong Bai·Qingqing Wu·Wen Chen
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Abstract

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-based direct modulation communication systems have garnered significant attention due to their low cost, low power consumption, and baseband-less characteristics. However, these systems face challenges such as the random time-varying coding state of the RIS and the difficulty in implementing beamforming in direct modulation. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective joint space-time coding approach for RIS that enables simultaneous realization of both direct modulation communication and beamforming. By modeling the transmitted signals of the RIS using space-time coding, we show that the time coding determines the direct modulation functionality, while the space coding governs the beamforming. Consequently, we introduce a joint time-space coding technique by performing exclusive-or (XOR) operations on the time and space coding sequences, enabling both functionalities to be achieved concurrently. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, we design and fabricate a transmissive 1-bit phase reconfigurable RIS operating in the 3.4~3.79 GHz frequency band for the implementation of a direct modulation communication system. Experimental results reveal that the bit error rate (BER) is significantly reduced when joint space-time coding is used, compared to using time coding alone. Additionally, the root-mean-square error vector magnitude (rmsEVM) of the constellation diagram is reduced by 55%. This technique is promising for applications in the Internet of Things (IoT), contributing to the development of intelligent networks for electronic devices.

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Shiyuan Li, Baojiang Yan, Yihan Xie, Yixin Tong, Chong He, Xudong Bai, Qingqing Wu, Wen Chen. 2025-11-07. Joint Space Time Coding on RIS for Simultaneous Direct Modulation and Beamforming. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05636

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